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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. It is urgent to develop new drugs to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients. Here, we found benzydamine, a locally acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, had potent cytotoxic effect on ESCC cells. Benzydamine could suppress ESCC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In terms of mechanism, CDK2 was identified as a target of benzydamine by molecular docking, pull-down assay and in vitro kinase assay. Specifically, benzydamine inhibited the growth of ESCC cells by inhibiting CDK2 activity and affecting downstream phosphorylation of MCM2, c-Myc and Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Our study illustrates that benzydamine inhibits the growth of ESCC cells by downregulating the CDK2 pathway.
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Humans , Benzydamine , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy , Molecular Docking Simulation , Phosphorylation , Cell Proliferation , Cell Line, Tumor , Apoptosis , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction Many studies have explored different training methods to improve cardiorespiratory capacity, ensuring better oxygen demand to help students develop better sports skills and teaching outcomes. Objective Explore the effects of applying resistance training on kung fu teaching. Methods 40 kung fu athletes were selected as research volunteers. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups; both were trained in a cardiopulmonary resistance protocol for 8 weeks, three times a week, using a breathing trainer. The control group trained at 20%, while the experimental group had their training at 50% of full capacity. Results The maximal inspiratory pressure, FEV1 / FVC, and mvv15 of the lung function indices increased significantly in the experimental group; the forced capacity and maximal ventilation of the oxygen uptake capacity indices also increased significantly. The blood oxygen saturation and the blood flow perfusion index of the oxygen utilization capacity indices had significant differences between the groups; the central balance and flexibility indices also showed significant differences. Conclusion After cardiopulmonary endurance training, the athletes' capacity was significantly improved, inferring a benefit in the quality of kung fu teaching. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução Muitos estudos têm explorado explorando diferentes métodos de treinamento para melhorar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, garantindo uma melhor demanda de oxigênio para ajudar os estudantes a desenvolverem melhores habilidades esportivas e resultados do ensino. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos da aplicação do treinamento de resistência sobre o ensino de kung fu. Métodos 40 atletas de kung fu foram selecionados como voluntários de pesquisa. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle, ambos foram treinados num protocolo de resistência cardiopulmonar durante 8 semanas, três vezes por semana, utilizando um treinador respiratório. O grupo controle treinou a 20% enquanto o experimental teve seu treinamento a 50% de capacidade total. Resultados A pressão inspiratória máxima, VEF1 / FVC e mvv15 dos índices de função pulmonar aumentou significativamente no grupo experimental, a capacidade forçada e a ventilação máxima dos índices de capacidade de absorção de oxigênio também aumentaram significativamente. A saturação de oxigênio no sangue e o índice de perfusão do fluxo sanguíneo dos índices de capacidade de utilização de oxigênio tiveram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, o equilíbrio central e os índices de flexibilidade também evidenciaram diferenças significativas. Conclusão Após o treinamento de resistência cardiopulmonar, a capacidade dos atletas foi significativamente aprimorada, inferindo um benefício na qualidade do ensino de kung fu. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción Muchos estudios han explorado diferentes métodos de entrenamiento para mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, asegurando una mejor demanda de oxígeno para ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar mejores habilidades deportivas y resultados de enseñanza. Objetivo Explorar los efectos de la aplicación del entrenamiento de resistencia en la enseñanza del kung fu. Métodos Se seleccionaron 40 atletas de kung fu como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control, ambos fueron entrenados en un protocolo de resistencia cardiopulmonar durante 8 semanas, tres veces por semana, utilizando un entrenador de respiración. El grupo de control entrenó al 20% mientras que el grupo experimental lo hizo al 50% de su capacidad. Resultados La presión inspiratoria máxima, VEF1 / FVC y mvv15 de los índices de función pulmonar aumentaron significativamente en el grupo experimental, la capacidad forzada y la ventilación máxima de los índices de capacidad de captación de oxígeno también aumentaron significativamente. La saturación de oxígeno en sangre y el índice de perfusión del flujo sanguíneo de los índices de capacidad de utilización de oxígeno presentaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, los índices de equilibrio central y de flexibilidad también mostraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión Tras el entrenamiento de resistencia cardiopulmonar, la capacidad de los atletas mejoró significativamente, lo que infiere un beneficio en la calidad de la enseñanza del kung fu. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of public health emergencies. @*Methods @#Data pertaining to public health emergencies and their associated data in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021 were retrieved from Emergency Public Health Management Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The type, date of occurrence and places of public health emergencies were descriptively analyzed.@*Results@#Sixty public health emergencies were reported in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, during which 1 527 cases were reported and 52 661 individuals were involved, with an attack rate of 2.90% (95%CI: 2.78%-3.02%). There were 3 Ⅲ-level (5.00%), 13 Ⅳ-level (21.67%) and 44 unclassified public health emergencies (73.33%), and no Ⅰ- or Ⅱ-level emergencies were reported. The reported public health emergencies peaked in January (9), August (6) and December (9), and there were 47 infectious disease emergencies (78.33%), 10 food poisoning emergencies (16.67%) and 3 chemical gas poisoning emergencies (5.00%), respectively. The four most common infectious disease emergencies included other infectious diarrhea (25.53%), COVID-19 (17.02%), influenza (14.89%) and chickenpox (14.89%). School and kindergarten were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (39, 65.00%), and the three most common public health emergencies reported by schools and kindergartens included other infectious diarrhea (28.21%), influenza (17.95%) and chickenpox (17.95%).@*Conclusions@#Infectious disease emergencies were predominant public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, and Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies were predominant. Public health emergencies mainly occurred in schools and kindergartens.
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Medical physicists play an important role in the delivery of radiotherapy. Compared with China′s mainland, Hong Kong has established a more mature training mode and a more complete management system for medical physics talents. In this article, the authors introduced the current state of medical physics talent training, as well as the recruitment, certification and promotion of medical physicist in Hong Kong by querying the official websites of medical physics organizations, reviewing related literature and interviewing senior medical physicists in Hong Kong. The authors also analyzed the shortcomings in the construction of medical physics talent system in China′s mainland and made valuable suggestions.
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Objective@# To investigate the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice among university students in a pilot site of AIDS health education in Zhoushan City, so as to provide the reference for AIDS health education in universities.@*Methods@#University students were recruited from Zhejiang Ocean University using a stratified cluster sampling method in 2018 and 2020, and the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice were collected using a questionnaire survey. @*Results@#A total of 2 862 and 2 850 students were surveyed in 2018 and 2020, including 1 429 ( 49.93% ) and 1 414 ( 49.61% ) male students, respectively. The overall awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 86.62% and 94.11% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. There were 544 ( 19.01% ) and 394 ( 13.82% ) students that were in favor of one-night stand, 308 ( 10.76% ) and 198 ( 6.95% ) students that were in favor of commercial sexual behaviors, and there were 59 ( 2.06% ) and 34 ( 1.19% ) students that had casual sexual behaviors within one year, and 20 ( 0.70% ) and 8 students ( 0.28% ) with commercial sexual behaviors within one year. There was a significant difference in the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among students with different years at the university ( P<0.05 ). The lowest awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was seen in freshmen in 2018 ( 81.74% ), and the highest awareness was found in freshmen in 2020 (97.17% ). The proportions of being in favor of one-night stand ( 2018: 31.35% vs. 6.70%; 2020: 22.07% vs. 5.71%; P<0.05 ), being in favor of commercial sexual behaviors ( 2018: 19.91% vs. 2.23%; 2020: 12.09% vs. 1.88%; P<0.05), having casual sexual behaviors within one year (2018: 3.71% vs. 0.42%; 2020: 2.19% vs. 0.21%; P<0.05), and having commercial sexual behaviors within one year ( 2018: 1.33% vs. 0.07%; 2020: 0.50% vs. 0.07%; P<0.05 ) were significantly greater in male students than in female students.@*Conclusions@#The pilot AIDS health education is effective to increase the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, possess the correct attitudes towards sexual behaviors and reduce high-risk sex behaviors among university students in Zhoushan City. Intensified AIDS health education is recommended among senior and male university students.
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Objective:To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics in predicting the cervical lymph node metastasis in salivary gland cancer. Methods:Sixty-eight patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated in the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were retrospectively studied. They were randomly divided into training group ( n=40), validation group ( n=14), and test group ( n=14). The primary tumor lesions were semi-automatically delineated on PET images as regions of interest (ROIs) and the radiomic features were extracted from ROIs. After feature selection and dimension reduction, an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model was constructed. The prediction performance of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under ROC curves (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Moreover, the performance of various models was compared using the Delong test. Results:The radiomic model yielded an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95), a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 92.3%, and accuracy of 88.2%. By contrast, the combined model constructed based on the clinical node status (cN) reported by PET/CT and radiomic features yielded an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89-0.99), a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 97.1%. The Delong test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the combined model and cN ( Z=2.27, P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the radiomic model and cN ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The ANN model based on 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics combined with cN reported by PET/CT can more accurately predict cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with salivary gland carcinoma.
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Objective:To explore and evaluate the accuracy, conformity, and clinical application value of digital surgical techniques in guiding 125I seed implantation in the brachytherapy of deep head and neck tumors. Methods:Twelve patients with deep head and neck tumors who received brachytherapy of radioactive 125I seed implantation were selected for the study.The locations of the implantation needles and seeds were designed based on CT images before the operation.A digital positioning model was built according to the treatment plan to accurately import the planned locations of implantation needles into the surgical navigation system.Meanwhile, an individualized puncture guidance template was designed and printed according to the patients′ facial profiles as well as the locations and directions of the implantation needles.During the operation, the template was put in place under the guidance of the navigation system and meanwhile, the implantation needle puncture and radioactive seed implantation were conducted under the joint guidance of the visual needle path and real-time implantation needle locations in the navigation system and template guidance holes.The locations of the implantation needle and the seeds were validated by CT scan and the dose distribution in target areas was calculated.Adverse reactions such as hematoma, pain, infection, nonunion of puncture sites, and tumor cell implantation were observed during and after the operation. Results:All 12 patients successfully received implantation needle puncture and radioactive seed implantation under the guidance of the digital surgical techniques, achieving excellent effects of real-time visualization guidance.Meanwhile, the locations and number of the implantation needles and seeds were consistent with the treatment plan and were distributed evenly.Furthermore, according to postoperative verification, D90 ranged from 83.7 Gy to 131.0 Gy, with an average of 107.5 Gy; V100 was 89.6%-99.3%, with an average of 94.6%, and V150 ranged from 40.2% to 58.9%, averaging 47.8%.No serious adverse reactions were observed during and after the operation. Conclusions:With digital surgical techniques, the surgical navigation system and 3D-printed individualized puncture guidance template jointly guided the implantation needle puncture and 125I seed implantation, improving the accuracy and conformity of the brachytherapy.Therefore, they have clinical application value in head and neck brachytherapy, especially in deep areas with complex anatomical structures.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 14 kinds of isoflavones in Pueraria radix. METHODS:LC-MS/MS was adopted to detect 14 kinds of isaflavones in 14 batches of P. radix(P. radix:PL-1 to PL-7,P. thomsonii:PT-1 to PT-7). The determination was performed on Extend C18 with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 22℃. The sample size was 5μL. Ion source was ESI source. The detection mode was negative ion detection. Scanning mode was MRM with jet voltage of -4500 V;ion source temperature was set at 600 ℃, and atomization gas was 60 psi. The auxiliary gas was 60 psi,collision gas was 7 psi,air curtain gas was 30 psi. SIMCA 13.0 software wasused for cluster analysis of above batches. RESULTS:The linear range of 14 kinds of isoflavones ranged 10-1000 ng/mL(puerarin of 10-5000 ng/mL,r>0.9900). RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5％. The recoveries were 95％-105％(RSD were 0.8％-4.5％,n=6). The total content of isoflavones were different significantly between P. radix and P. thomsonii. The contents of isoflavones in P. radix from different origins were different significantly. Among 14 kinds of isoflavones, the content of puerarin was the highest. Results of cluster analysis showed that 14 batches of P. radix could be clustered into 4 categories,including PL-2 as Ⅰ category,PL-3 and PL-4 as Ⅱ category,PL-5,PL-6 and PL-7 as Ⅲ category,other as Ⅳcategory. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and reproducible. It can be used for content determination of 14 kinds of isoflavones in P. radix and quality control.
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With the increasing of incidence rate of pediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis in recent years,pe-diatric tuberculosis as a threat to global childhood public health was serious disease and attracted more and more pediatrician concern. Pediatric tuberculosis often can′t result to typical clinical symptoms and imaging findings because its quantity of tubercle bacillus was little in lesions of infection,meanwhile,golden standard mycobacterium tuberculosis detection was time-consuming and low positive rate,pediatric tuberculosis can′t get timely diagnosis and therapy,mo-lecular diagnostic techniques of pediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis got widely clinical application and development for its advantage of rapid,accurate,efficiency and easy operation etc,several common molecular diagnostic techniques in pediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis were summarized,which would provide useful guidance for molecular diagnose of pediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Objective To compare the efficacy between transumbilical laparoscopic and conventional three-trocar laparoscopic surgery for Meckel's diverticulum in children. Methods We did a retrospective search on 41 patients under 12 years old admitted to our department with the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum from January 2010 to December 2015. According to the operation method, they were divided into two groups: transumbilical laparoscopy group (n=18) and conventional three-trocar laparoscopy group (n=23). Comparative analyses on operation time, blood loss, complications, hospital stay, and cost were made between the two groups. Results All of them were operated by laparoscopy. The cost was significantly lower in the transumbilical laparoscopy group than that in conventional three-trocar laparoscopy group [(19 ± 2) thousand RMB vs. (22 ± 2) thousand RMB, t= -4. 766, P=0. 000]. There were no differences between operative time [(90. 3 ± 13. 0) min vs. (85. 7 ± 10. 5) min, t=1. 254, P=0. 217], intra-operative blood loss [(2. 8 ± 1. 2) ml vs. (2. 9 ± 1. 3) ml, t= -0. 253, P=0. 802], and hospital stay [(4. 9 ± 0. 6) d vs. (5. 1 ± 0. 7) d, t= -0. 965, P=0. 340]. No operative complications occurred in both groups. The cosmetic outcome was better in the transumbilical laparoscopy group than that in conventional laparoscopy group. Conclusion Transumbilical laparoscopic surgery for Meckel's diverticulum in children has advantage in cost and better cosmetic outcome by reducing the number of incisions.
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Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Tag Array in detecting the clinical isolates of bone and joint tuberculosis.Methods Twenty-four strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis having sequence differences in extracted plasmids of mutant strains.The plasmid was diluted into different concentrations,and then multiplex PCR amplification was performed to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the chip system.A total of 187 clinical isolates were collected from patients with bone and joint tuberculosis.Among them,there were 50 strains of sensitive bacteria,and 137 strains of drug-resistant.Designed,optimized and prepared chip inspection system,sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility results were analyzed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the gene chip.Results The mutants in accordance with sequencing result in the sets with 1 × 103copy/μl of template concentration and above;while 29 sets showed false negative result in the sets with 1 × 102 copy/μl.Among the 126 rifampicin phenotype drug resistance strains,119 strains appeared mutation in rpoB gene.In the rifampicin phenotype sensitivity strains,9 strains of rpoB gene showed mutation,the sensitivity was 94.40％,and specificity was 86.76％.Among the 118 isoniazid phenotype drug resistance strains,109 strains appeared mutation in relevant drug resistance gene locus,the sensitivity was 92.37％,and specificity was 81.16％.Among the 44 ethambutol phenotype drug resistance strains,27 strains appeared mutation in locus embB306,in the ethambutol phenotype sensitivity strains,the mutation in locus embB306 was detected in 6 strains,the sensitivity was 61.36％,and specificity was 95.80％.Among the 102 levofloxacin phenotype drug resistance strains,81 strains appeared mutation in gyrA gene,4 of the sensitivity strains were detected mutation in gyrA gene,the sensitivity was 79.41％,and specificity was 95.29％.Among the 112 streptomycin phenotype drug resistance strains,the chip detected 101 strains appeared mutation,the sensitivity of chip detection was 90.17％,and specificity was 84.00％.Since amikacin,capreomycin and kanamycin are in cross drug resistance,among the 67 phenotype drug resistance strains,52 strains appeared mutation in relevant drug resistance gene locus,its sensitivity was 79.10％ and specificity was 90.83％.Conclusion Tag Array chip can achieve rapid,accurate and high-throughput detection of tuberculosis resistance,which has important clinical significance and feasibility.
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Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of Zhuanggu-Huoxue-Buyang decoction combined with negative pressure seal flushing drainage treatment for traumatic osteomyelitis. Methods According to the random number method, 132 patients with traumatic marrow from June 2015 to June 2016 in our hospital were divided into the control group and research group with 66 cases in each group. The patients of control group were treated with negative pressure seal flushing drainage, and the patients of research group were given to Zhuanggu-Huoxue-Buyang decoction on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 15 days. The clinical effective rate and clinically relevant indicators were counted, which included fracture healing time, granulation, covering time, average length of hospital stay, antibiotic use time, the negative pressure drainage time and positive rate of bacteria. At the same time patients complications were observed during the treatment. In addition, the recurrence rate of two groups was in the following half a year.Results The clinical effective rate of patients in the research group [95.5% (63/66) vs. 83.3% (55/66), χ2=5.114]was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).The fracture healing time of patients in research group(5.3 ±1.1 months vs.7.6 ±1.9 months,t=-8.705)was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). The granulation covering time of patients in research group (27.8 ± 5.6 d vs.35.1 ± 6.4 d,t=-6.961) was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The average length of hospital stay of patients in research group (31.2 ± 4.3 d vs.39.2 ± 5.1 d,t=-9.870) was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The antibiotic use time of patients in research group(8.9 ±2.0 d vs.13.3 ±3.9 d,t=-8.152)was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The negative pressure drainage time of patients in research group (13.6 ± 3.3 d vs.19.2 ± 4.2 d,t=8.744)was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The culture positive rate of patients in research group[6.1%(4/66)d vs.18.2%(12/66),χ 2=4.552]was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The rate of complications of patients in control group[18.2%(12/66)vs.4.6%(3/66),χ 2=6.092] was significantly higher than the research group (P<0.05). The relapse rate of patients in control group [21.8% (12/55)vs.7.9%(5/63),χ 2=4.589]was significantly higher than the research group(P<0.05).Conclusions The Zhuanggu-Huoxue-Buyang decoction combined with negative pressure seal flushing drainage treatment improves clinical indicators and reduces the incidence of complications and the recurrence rate.
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Objective To cxplore the variation of the range of motion (ROM) of operative level after different heights of artificial cervical disc replacement,and to provide guidance for clinical work in selecting appropriate height of artificial cervical disc prosthesis.Methods The preoperative cervical anteroposterior and lateral Ⅹ-rays of 9 fresh male cadaveric cervical spine specimens were obtained to measure the intervertebral height of C5-6,and 3 screened specimens with the height of about 5 mm were included in the experiment.The experiment was designed to test self-control,and other four groups of cervical specimens including intact group,appropriate height (5 mm) of C5.6 artificial cervical disc replacement group,1mm increased (6 mm) group and 2 mm increased (7 mm) group were made biomechanical test sequentially.The specimens were fixed to the cervical three-dimensional movement machine,with a 75 N follower load and pure moments of 2 Nm for flexion/extension 、left/right bending and left/right axial rotation,to measure the ROM of operative level under the condition of changes in 0.2 Nm/s.Results There were no significant differences in the ROM of flexion/extension,lateral bending and axial rotation between 5 mm group and intact group;the ROM of flexion/extension、lateral bending and axial rotation in 6 mm group increased compared with 5 mm group,but the difference was not statistically significant;the ROM of flexion/extension in 7 mm group was significantly less than that of intact,5mm and 6 mm group (9.5°± 1.0° vs 12.5°±0.9°、11.3°±0.8°、11.6°±0.9°),but significantly greater in axial rotation than 6 mm group (10.4°±1.4°vs 8.6°±0.3°),and there was no significant difference in lateral bending compared with other 3 groups.Conclusion 2 adjacent heights of cervical disc prostheses are implantedsuitably when testing the mold of disc prosthesis,the choice of cervical disc prosthesis with 1 mm increased can improve the ROM of operative level to some extent;while the height with 2 mm increased can lead to the ROM of flexion/extension at the operative level reduced,but the ROM of rotation shows an increasing trend.
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ObjectiveA new style of artificial vessel scaffold was designed making the use of property of organoselenium catalyzing the releasing of Nitric oxide (NO). MethodsSelenium-containing catalyst organoselenium immobilized polyethyleneimine (SePEI) as polycation and polyglutamic acid (PGA) as polyanion were alternately coated onto the surface of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber scaffolds obtained by electrospinning to form the blood vessel scaffold. Self-assembly was characterized by UV and atomic absorption qualitatively and quantitatively. Catalytic generation of NO from the NO donors- RSNOs was tested under the existence of reducing agent RSH. Biological properties were also evaluated. Results The NO release was relatively stable with no significant burst appeared, and still could be detected after 80 hours of catalyzing. The material was proved to show little cytotoxicity, and displayed significant effect in inhibiting of platelet aggregation through biological testing. Conclusion The new style of artificial vessel scaffold has good effect on improving the biological properties of materials.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers. Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the hepatocarcinogenesis. More and more researches were designed to find the relationship of the two. In this study, we investigated whether HBV DNA integration occurred at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most detrimental DNA damage. An 18-bp I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA of HepG2 cell line by stable DNA transfection, then cells were incubated in patients' serum with high HBV DNA copies and at the same time, DSBs were induced by transient expression of I-SceI after transfection of an I-SceI expression vector. By using nest PCR, the viral DNA was detected at the sites of the break. It appeared that integration occurred between part of HBV x gene and the I-SceI induced breaks. The results suggested that DSBs, as the DNA damages, may serve as potential targets for hepadnaviral DNA insertion and the integrants would lead to widespread host genome changes necessarily. It provided a new site to investigate the integration.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mydriasis induced by intracameral injection of 1% lidocaine instead of topical mydriatics and postoperative recovery of pupil diameter in phacoemulsification surgery through a prospectively controlled clinical trial. Design Randomized clinical trial. Participants 34 patients (36 eyes) in study group,46 patients (50 eyes) in control group. Methods The study group comprised 34 patients (36 eyes),who were given intracamerally 0.5 ml unpreserved lidocaine 1% without using mydriatic eyedrops preoperatively. 46 patients (50 eyes),pupil dilated with topical mydriatics,Mydrin-p ( Tropicamid,Phenylephrine Eye Drops),were studied for comparison. As for the study group,baseline pupil diameters were recorded before the surgery,and 90 seconds after the injection of 1% lidocaine. As for the control group pupil,diameters were recorded when the surgery began. Pupil diameters at 1h,2h,4h,8h,12h,and 24h postoperatively were recorded respectively for both groups. Corneal edema and vision recovery were recorded postoperatively. Main outcome measures Pupil diameter. Results The mean baseline pupil size of the study group was 2.0611?0.1016mm,and maximum mean pupil size obtained at 90 seconds after the injection was 6.0972?0.1566mm. At the beginning of the surgery the mean pupil diameter of the control group was 7.6100?0.0799mm which was larger than 6.0972?0.1566mm (P=0.000). 75.0% eyes in the lidocaine group returned to normal size with brisk light reflex,while only 22.0% in the control group did. The time required for return to normal pupil size was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.000). Conclusions Intracameral injection of 1% unpreserved lidocaine can provide adequate pupil dilation and get rapid recovery of pupil size after surgery,though not as large as that of topical mydriatics for phacoemulsification. (Ophthalmol CHN ,2006,15: 205-208)